1- Belfer ML. Child and adolescent mental disorders: The magnitude of the problem across the globe, Clin.child.psychol .2008;49(3): 226-36.

2- Husky  MM, Boyd A, Bitfoi, A, Carta MG, Chan-Chee C, Goelitz D, et al. Self-reported mental health in children ages 6–12 years across eight European countries. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry.2017; 1: 1–11.

3- Rutter M, Bishop D, Pine D, Scott S, Stevenson J, Taylor E, Thapar A. Rutter's child and adolescent psychiatr. London: Wiley-Blackwell;2011.

4- Bornstein MH, Cote LR ,Haynes OM, Hahn CS , Park Y. Parenting knowledge :Experiential and socio demographic factors in European American mothers of young children.     Dev. Psychol. 2010; 46: 1677–93.

5-Collins WA, Steinberg L.Adolescent development in interpersonal context. In Social, Emotional, and Personality Development. Handbook of Child Psychology; Damon, W., Lerner, R., Eds; New York: Wiley;2006.

6- Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder, EM .Show me the child at seven: The consequences of conduct problems in childhood for psychosocial functioning in adulthood. J. child psychol ,2005; 46:837-849.

7- Fajardo F, León B, Felipe  E, Polo MI, Santos E. Mental health in Spanish minors. Socio educational variables. Salud Mental ,2015; 38: 329–35.

8- Albanese A ,Russo G, Geller P. The role of parental self‐efficacy in parent and child well‐being: A systematic review of associated outcomes child care, health and development,2019, 3(45): 333-63.

9-Hollowaya S,Suzukin S,Kim S,Nagase A,Wanga Q ,Campbell E,et al .Development and cross-national validation of a revised version of the Berkeley Parenting Self-efficacy Scale. Early Child. Res. Q.2019;47: 309-20.

10-Meunier JC, Roskam I. Self-efficacy beliefs amongst parents of young children: Validation of a self-report measure. J. Child Fam. Stud ,2009; 18: 495–11.

11- Murdock K W. An examination of parental self-efficacy among mothers and fathers.     Psychol. Men Masculinities. 2013; 14: 314–23.

12- Slagt M, Dekovic M, De Haan AD, Van den Akker AL, Prinzie  P. Longitudinal associations between mothers’ and fathers’ sense of competence and children’s externalizing problems: The mediating role of parenting. Dev. Psychol,2012; 48:1554–62.

13- Phares V, Fields S,  Kamboukos D. Fathers’ and mothers’ involvement with their adolescents. J. Child Fam. Stud.2009;18: 1–9.

14-Jones TL, Prinz RJ. Potential roles of parental self-efficacy in parent and child adjustment: A review. Clinal Psychol, 2005;25 :341–63.

15-Heath C, Curtis D, Fan W, McPherson R.The association between parenting stress, parenting self-efficacy, and the clinical significance of child ADHD symptom change following behavior therapy. Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev,2015; 46: 118–29.

16-De Haan AD, Prinzie P, Dekovi´c M. Mothers’ and fathers’ personality and parenting: The mediating role of sense of competence. Dev.Psychol, 2009;45:1695–07.

17- Dekovi´c M, Asscher JJ, Hermanns J, Reitz E, Prinzie P, Akker A.Tracing changes in families who participated in the home-start parenting program: Parental sense of competence as mechanism of change. Prev. Sci. 2010; 11:263–74. 

18-Bugental DB, Ellerson PC, Lin EK, Rainey B, Kokotovic A, O’Hara N .A cognitive approach to child abuse prevention. Psychol. Violence .2010; 1:84–106.

19-Beaulieu MC,Normandeau S, Robaey P.The social cognition of parents of ADHD children as a predictor of parenting practices after an intervention. Behavioral Science,2014; 46 , 147–61.

20-Gelkopf M, Jabotaro S .Parenting style, competence, social network and attachment in mothers with mental illness. Child & Family Social Work.2013 18(4): 496–03. http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1356-7500/

21-Reck C, Noe D, Gerstenlauer J, Stehle E. Effects of postpartum anxiety disorders and depression on maternal self-confidence. Infant Behav. Dev.2012;35(2): 264–272.

22-Gershoff ET, Grogan-Kaylor A, Lansford JE, Chang L, Zelli A, Deater-Deckard K, et al. Parent discipline practices in an international sample: Associations with child behaviors and moderation by perceived normativeness. Child. Dev,2010;81(2): 487–02.
23-Gershoff ET, Lansford JE, Sexton HR, Davis-Kean P, Sameroff AJ .Longitudinal links between spanking and children’s externalizing behaviors in a national sample of white, black, Hispanic, and Asian American Families. Child. Dev.2012; 83(3): 838–43.

24-Qu Y, Fuligni A J, Galvan A,  Telzer, EH. Buffering effect of positive parent–child relationships on adolescent risk taking: A longitudinal neuroimaging investigation. Dev. Cognitive Neuroscience,2015; 15:26–34.

25-Whittle S, Simmons JG, Dennison, M, Vijayakumar N, Schwartz O, Yap M. B, Allen NB. Positive parenting predicts the development of adolescent brain structure: A longitudinal study. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience,2014;8: 7–17.

26-Fuentes MJ, Motrico E, Bersabé R.Estrategias de socialización de los padres y conflictos entre padres ehijos en la adolescencia. Psychology,2003; 34: 385–400.

27-Gartstein MA, Putnam SP, Rothbart MK.Etiology of preschool behavior problems: Contributions of temperament attributes in early childhood. Infant Mental Health Journal, 2012; 33: 197–11.

28-Long CE, Gurka MJ, Blackman JA.Family stress and children’s language and behavior problems: Results from the national survey of children’s health. Early Child Specific Education.2008; 28: 148 -57.

29-Martel MM, Gremillion ML, Roberts B.Temperament and common disruptive behavior problems in preschool. Personal. Individal. Diff.2012; 53: 874–79.

30- Moreno-Ruiz D, Estévez E, Jiménez T,Murgui S.Parenting style and reactive and proactive adolescent violence: Evidence from Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health.2018;15:2634.

31- Pinquart M. Associations of Parenting Dimensions and Styles with Internalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. Marriage Family.2017; 53:613–640.

32- Woolfson L, Grant E.Authoritative parenting and parental stress in parents of pre-school and older children with developmental disabilities.                 Child: Care Health Dev.2006;32:177–84.

33-Thomas R, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ. Behavioral outcomes of parent-child interaction therapy and triple P-Positive parenting program: A review and meta analysis. Abnormal Child Psychoogy.2007;35:475–95.

34- Fujiwara T,Kato N, Sanders MR.Effectiveness of group positive parenting program (triple P) in changing child behavior, parenting style, and parental adjustment: An intervention study in japan. Journal Child Family Study.2011; 20:804-13.

35- Tellegen C, Sanders M .Using Primary Care Parenting Interventions to Improve Outcomes in Children with Developmental Disabilities: ACase Report.Hindawi Publishing Corporation: Case Reports in Pediatrics, 2012.

36- Pardini D, Fite P, Burke J.Bidirectional Associations between Parenting Practices and Conduct Problems in Boys from Childhood to Adolescence: The Moderating Effect of Age and African-American Ethnicity.   J. Abnorm. Child Psychol.2008;36:647–62.

37- Goldestein L, Harvey E, Friedman-Weieneth J.Examining subtypes of behavior problems among 3-year-old children: investigating differences in parenting practices and parenting stress. J.child psychol.2007; 35:125-36.

38- Teicher MH, Samson JA, Polcari A, McGreenery CE. Sticks, stones, and hurtful words: Relative effects of various forms of childhood maltreatment.                 Am. J. Psychiatry.2006;163: 993–1000.

39- Williams LR, Degnan KA, Perez-Edgar KE, Henderson HA, Rubin KH, Pine DS.Impact of behavioral inhibition and parenting style on internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood through adolescence.        J. Abnorm. Child Psychol.2009; 37:1063–75 .

40- Flouri E, Midouhas E.Environmental adversity and children’s early trajectories of problem behavior: The role of harsh parental discipline. Fam.Psychol.2017;31: 234–43.

41- Healy KL, Sanders MR, Iyer A.Facilitative parenting and children’s social, emotional and behavioral adjustment. J. Child Fam. Stud.2015;24:1762–79.

42- VanderfaeillieJ, Van Holen F, Vanschoonlandt F, Robberechts M, Stroobants T.Children placed in long-term family foster care: A longitudinal study into the development of problem behaviour and associated factors. Child Youth Services.2013 ;35:587–93.

43- Karreman A, van Tuijl C, van Aken MA, Dekovi´c M.Parenting and self-regulation in preschoolers:A meta-analysis. Infant Child Dev.2006; 15:561–79.

44- Roskam I, Meunier JC, Stievenart M Noël MP.When there seem to be no predetermining factors: Early child and proximal family risk predicting externalizing behavior in young children incurring no distal family risk. Dev. Disability.2013; 34:627–39.

45- Lorber MF, Egeland B.Parenting and infant difficulty: Testing a mutual exacerbation hypothesis to predict early onset conduct problems. Child Development, 82, 2006–2020. Edu.Science. 2011; 8:13416 - 19.

 46- Stoltz S, Londen M, Dekovi´c M, Prinzie P, Orobio de Castro B, Lochman JE.Simultaneously testing parenting and social cognitions in children at-risk for aggressive behavior problems: Sex differences and ethnic similarities. Child Family Study. 2013; 22:922–31.

47-Martínez I, García JF.Internalization of Values and Self-Esteem among Brazilian Teenagers from Authoritative, Indulgent, Authoritarian, and Neglectful Homes. Adolescence. 2008; 43:13–29.

48- García F, Gracia E.The indulgent parenting style and developmental outcomes in South European and Latin American countries. In Parenting Across Cultures. Selin, H., Ed. The Netherlands: Springer: Dordrecht;2014.

49- Gracia E, Fuentes MC, Garcia F, Lila M.Perceived Neighborhood Violence, Parenting Styles, and Developmental Outcomes among Spanish Adolescents. Community Psychol.2012;40: 1004-21.

50- White J, Schnurr MP.Developmental psychology. In Internationalizing the Psychology Curriculum in the United States; Leong, F.T.L., Pickren, W.E., Leach, M.M., Anthony, J.M., Eds.; Springer Science + Business Media: New York;2012.

51- Lund I ,Scheffels J. 15-Year-Old Tobacco and Alcohol Abstainers in a Drier Generation: Characteristics and Lifestyle Factors in a Norwegian Cross Sectional Sample. Scand: Public Health;2018.

52- Valente JY, Cogo-Moreir H, Sanchez, ZM.Gradient of Association between Parenting Styles and Patterns of Drug use in Adolescence: A Latent Class Analysis.Drug Alcohol Dependence.2017;180: 272–78.

53- Rothrauff TC, Cooney TM, An JS.Remembered Parenting Styles and Adjustment in Middle and Late Adulthood.Gerontol. Behavioral Psychol social Science,2009; 64:137–46.

54- Stafford M, Kuh DL, Gale CR, Mishra G, Richards M.Parent-Child Relationships and Offspring’s Positive Mental Wellbeing from Adolescence to Early Older Age. Posititive. Psychol.2016; 11: 326–37.

55-Chan T,  Koo A .Parenting style and youth outcomes in the UK, Paper presented at the conference of the British Sociological Association:University of Oxford;2009.

56- Huver R,Otten R, Vries H,  Engels R. Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents.    J.Adolesc.2009; 33: 395-02.

57- Fletcher AC, Walls JK, Cook EC, Madison KJ, Bridges TH. Parenting Style as a Moderator of Associations Between Maternal Disciplinary Strategies and Child Well-Being.             J. Fam. Psychol. 2008; 29:1724–44.

58- Montgomery C, Fisk JE, Craig L.The Effects of Perceived Parenting Style on the Propensity for Illicit Drug use: The Importance of Parental Warmth and Control. Drug Alcohol Rev.2008; 27: 640–49.

59-Hoffmann JP, Bahr SJ. Parenting Style, Religiosity, Peer Alcohol use, and Adolescent Heavy Drinking.       J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs .2014 ; 75:222–27.

60- Weisz JR, Kazdin AE. Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents. NewYork: Guilford Press;2010

61-Leijten P , Frances G, Melendez-Torres G , Jolien V, Hutchings J, Schulz S, et al. Meta-Analyses: Key Parenting Program Components for Disruptive Child Behavior.       J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry.2019; 58(2):180–90.

62- Kleefman M, Jansen DE, Stewart RE, et al. The effectiveness of stepping stones Triple P parenting support in parents of children with borderline to mild intellectual disability and psychosocial problems: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medicine.2014; 12:191.

63- Ruane A ,Carr A .Systematic review and meta-analysis of stepping stones Triple P for parents of children with disabilities. Family Process.2018; 57(2: 269–70.

64- Schappin R, de Graaf  IM, Reijneveld SA .Effectiviteit van Triple P in Nederland: Stand van zaken en controverse. Kind En Adolescent.2017; 38(2):75–90.

65- Sanders  MR, Kirby JN, Tellegen CL, Day JJ .The triple P-positive parenting program: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a multi-level system of parenting support re view article.  Clin. Psychol. Rev.2014; 34(4): 337-57.

66- Spijkers W, Jansen DE, de Meer G, Reijneveld SA. Effectiveness of a parenting programme in a public health setting: a randomised controlled trial of the positive parenting programme (Triple P) level 3 versus care as usual provided by the preventive child healthcare (PCH). BMC Public Health.2010; 10(1):131.

67-عاشوری محمد، افروز غلامعلی، ارجمندنیا علی اکبر، پورمحمدرضای تجریشی معصومه، غباری بناب باقر. اثربخشی برنامه والدگری مثبت بر خودکارآمدی والدینی و تعامل مادر-کودک دارای کم‌توانی هوشی. مجله علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد. ۱۳۹۴; ۲۳ (۵) :۴۸۹-۵۰۰

69-Bodenman G .The efficacy of the triple p-positive parenting program in improving parenting and child behavior: a comparsion with two other treatment conditions.               Behav. Res. Ther.2008; 46(4):411.

70- Chu J, Farruggia S, Sanders MR , et al. Towards a public health approach to parenting programs for parents of adolescents. Iranian Journal of Public Health .2012;34(1):41–47.

71- Zemp M, Milek A, Cummings E, Cina A ,Bodenmann G.How couple-and parenting focused programs affect child behavioral problems: a randomized controlled trial.        J. Child Fam. Stud. 2015; 1-13

72- Lohan A, Mitchell AE, Filus A, et al. Positive parenting for healthy living (Triple P) for parents of children with type 1 diabetes: protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Pediatrics.2016; 16(1):158.

 73- اسلامیه محمدمهدی. بررسی میزان شیوع اختلالات رفتاری دانش آموزان دوره ابتدایی شهر تهران. کودکان استثنایی (پژوهش در حیطه کودکان استثنایی). 1387 ;8(1):98-109.

74-Pandean K.Health psychology. New York: McGraw Hill;2002.

75- Wood J, Cowan P, Baker B .Behavior problems and peer rejection in preschool boys and girls. J. Genet. Psychol. 2002; 163:72–88.

76- Baumeister A, Sevens J. Pharmacological control of aberrant behavior in the mentally retarded: toward a more rational approach.  Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.2008;14: 253-62.

77-Huaqing C, Kaiser A.Behavior Problems of Preschool Children from Low-Income Families: Review of the Literature. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education .2003; 23:188- 216.

78- Patterson G, Forgatch M, DeGarmo, D .Cascading effects following intervention. Development and Psychopathology.2010; 22(4):949-70.

79- Smith JD, Dishion TJ, Shaw DS, Wilson MN. Negative Relational Schemas Predict the Trajectory of Coercive Dynamics During Early Childhood. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol.2015; 43(4): 693-703.

80- طالعی, علی, طهماسیان, کارینه, وفائی, نرگس. اثربخشی آموزش برنامه فرزندپروری مثبت بر خوداثرمندی والدینی مادران. خانواده پژوهی;1390,7(3).

81- Ramassini KK.Parenting self efficacy. Unpublished doctoral dissertation University of Georgia, Georgia;2000.

82- Taylor, S. An investigation of the relationship between black single mothers myth/stereotype acceptance, parental self-efficacy, and childrearing practiceces. Boston College: MSc [Thesis];2006.

83- Buri  JR. Parental authority questionnaire. J. Pers. Assess,1991; 57(1):110-119.

84- اسفندیاری، غلامرضا . مقایسه شیوه های فرزند پروری مادران در دو گروه کودکان مبتلا به اختلال رفتار و تاثیر آموزش مادران در کاهش اختلال رفتاری. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، انستیتوی تحقیقات روانپزشکی تهران;1374.

85-Goodman R, Ford T, Simmons H, Gatward R .Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2000; 177:534- 539.

86- وفایی، مریم و روشن، مریم . بررسی رابطه عوامل پیش بینـی کننده خطر و محافظ خانواده با توانمندی ها و اختلال هـای عاطفی- رفتاری نوجوانان، روانشناسی معاصر;1385,2,17-4.

92-Salari R, Ralph A, Sanders M.An efficacy trial: Positive parenting program for parents of teenagers,  Behav. Modif. ,2014; 31(1): 34-52.

95-Bor W,Sanders M, Markie-Dadds C .The effectives of the triple p-positive parenting program on preschool children with co-occurring disruptive behavior and antisocial/hyperactivity difficulties.   J. Abnorm. Child Psychol..2002; 30(6:( 572-87.